Abstract: The island ecosystem has received wide attention in recent years due to its ecological fragility and significant values in environment, economy and humanity. With the climate change and irrational human activities, however, the structures and functions of the island ecosystem have severely disrupted, so that to carry out the island ecological protection and restoration becomes an important way for improving the island ecology. The nature-based solution (NbS) is an innovative strategy for addressing ecological and environmental challenges and plays an important role in the island ecological protection and restoration. In this paper, the latest research progress on NbS in the context of island ecological protection and restoration is reviewed and the characteristics of NbS are summarized. It is indicated that the NbS can not only simulate the ecological functions of the natural ecosystem, but also enhance biodiversity and thus to improve effectively the stability and sustainability of the island ecosystem. In addition, the concept and principles of NbS are elaborated, the differences between NbS and traditional infrastructure are highlighted, the advantages of the application of NbS in island environment are analyzed and the actual effects of NbS in island ecological protection and restoration are evaludated. It is found that the NbS can not only improve the resilience ability of the ecosystem, but also fosters the sustainable development of local communities. It is pointet out that the potential challenges and limitations of NbS in island ecosystems mainly include aspects such as technological innovation, resource investment, and social participation. Finally, some suggestions are proposed, which include enhancing the cross-scale and multi-system collaborative management and international cooperation in order to generalize and implement the NbS and establishing the diversified financing mechanisms and scientific restoration technical standards as well as implementing the interdisciplinary integration and multi-party participation in order to realize a broader application of NbS in island ecological protection and restoration, and thus to contribute more for constructing a healthy and sustainable island ecosystem.