基于潜标观测的南海北部深水区海流特征研究

    Characteristics of Ocean Currents in the Deep-Water Region of the Northern South China Sea Based on Subsurface Mooring Observations

    • 摘要: 本文利用潜标系统观测获取的南海北部深水区域2022年7月至2023年9月近全水深连续海流观测数据,分析了该区域不同深度的海流特征。观测结果显示,该区域海流在500 m深度以浅较强,在1 000 m深度以下海流较为一致,海流以斜压流为主。该区域潮流以全日分潮潮流占优,半日分潮潮流显著弱于全日分潮潮流。O1和K1分潮潮流主要呈顺时针旋转,M2和S2分潮潮流主要呈逆时针旋转,各分潮最大流速方向随深度变化,130 m深度以E—W向为主(O1分潮为N—S向),1 000 m以深转为ENE—WSW至NE—SW向。潮动能在500 m深度以浅较强,约占总动能的10%~15%;2 000 m以深潮动能在总动能中的占比超过30%。潮动能存在明显季节变化,除1 000 m深度附近外,各深度的潮动能均在夏初(2023年6月)最强,并在秋末至冬季(2022年11月至2023年2月)出现一个较弱峰值。

       

      Abstract: The characteristics of ocean currents at different depths in the deep-water region of the northern South China Sea are analyzed based on the data of continuous near-full-depth current observation carried out by means of a subsurface mooring system from July 2022 to September 2023. The results indicate that the ocean currents in the study area are relatively stronger at the water depths shallower than 500 m and exhibit a good consistency at the water depths deeper than 1 000 m, with the predominant ocean current being of baroclinic type. The tidal currents in the study area are dominated by diurnal tidal current and the semidiurnal tidal current is significantly weaker than the diurnal one so that the tidal currents in the study area are mainly of an irregular diurnal type. The tidal constituents O1 and K1 rotate primarily clockwise, while the constituents M2 and S2 rotate mainly counterclockwise. The orientation of the major axis of the tidal current ellipse varies with water depth: it is dominated by E-W direction at a water depth of 130 m (but the tidal constituent O1 flows along N-S direction), and turns to ENE-WSW and NE-SW directions at the water depths deeper than 1 000 m. Tidal kinetic energy is relatively stronger at depths shallower than 500 m, accounting for approximately 10%-15% of the total kinetic energy, and its proportion in the total kinetic energy exceeds 30% at the depths deeper than 2 000 m. The tidal kinetic energy significantly varies with seasons. Except near a water depth of 1 000 m, the tidal kinetic energy at all other depths reaches its maximum value at the beginning of summer (June 2023) and exhibits a weaker peak from late autumn to winter (November 2022 to February 2023).

       

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