Abstract: Taking the coastal wetlands on the west coast of the Liaohe Estuary as the research object, this study systematically investigated the spatial structure and distribution pattern of regional soil salinization based on soil samples collected from 23 sampling sites, comprehensively utilizing classical statistical methods, geostatistics, and GIS technology. The results indicate that the average salinity of the surface soil in the typical plots of the study area is 25.36 g/kg, reaching the classification standard of saline soil.Vertically across the soil profile, salinity exhibits a distinct differentiation pattern, being lowest at the aquaculture pond dam top, intermediate at the dam slope, and highest at the dam bottom, with moderate variability observed across all layers. The soil salinity in different layers all exhibits strong spatial autocorrelation, with nugget-to-sill ratios consistently below 25%, indicating that the spatial differentiation is predominantly driven by structural natural factors. Furthermore, as the topographical elevation decreases, the range of spatial autocorrelation for soil salinity gradually narrows. Na⁺ and Cl⁻ are identified as the core ions driving regional soil salinization, accounting for an explanatory power of 99.6% regarding the total salt content. Horizontally, the overall soil salinity presents a spatial distribution pattern of being high in the north and low in the south, characterized by patchy enrichment in the central-northern regions, and there are significant differences in the spatial distribution of salinity among different layers. These research findings provide a scientific basis and fundamental data support for the precise implementation of ecological restoration projects in coastal wetlands.