厦门翔安南部海域沙滩修复工程关键技术研究

    Research on Key Technologies of Beach Restoration Project in Southern Xiang’an Sea Area of Xiamen

    • 摘要: 针对厦门翔安南部海域受人为活动破坏水沙平衡,出现淤积、水动力偏弱、沙滩泥化等问题,本文选取大嶝大桥北岸西侧中段、东段为研究区域,开展淤泥质海岸沙滩修复多参数协同优化关键技术研究。结合历史海图与现场实测开展动力地貌适宜性评价,明确区域年均有效波高仅0.1~0.3 m,需配套近岸清淤工程改善水动力;围绕拦沙堤布置、清淤底高程、滩肩高程三大核心参数设置3种修复布局,联合SWAN、NEMOS、XBeach模型开展10年长周期岸滩演化与50年一遇极端风暴数值模拟,定量对比不同方案沿岸输沙、岸线冲淤及泥化抑制效果。结果表明:布局三综合最优,滩肩高程优化至3.8~4.3 m、拦沙堤长度缩短18 m,修复10年后中段最大蚀退25 m、淤进5 m,东段最大蚀退不超20 m、淤进不超3 m,年均滩面冲淤总量控制在9 000 m3以内,修复第5年岸滩进入动态平衡;清淤至统一底高程−4.2 m后海域纳潮量与近岸波高显著提升,砂泥分界线高程由现状0.2 m降至−0.8 m,泥化趋势得到有效遏制;50年一遇极端风暴工况下,沙滩持续作用12 h滩肩外缘仅后退约1 m,风暴横向输移泥沙可在常浪期自然回淤,岸滩整体稳定性可控。研究成果可为国内同类淤泥质海岸沙滩修复工程提供量化技术依据与方案参考。

       

      Abstract: Due to human activities, the original water-sediment balance in the southern sea area of Xiang’an, Xiamen has been disrupted, triggering a series of problems including coastal siltation, weakened nearshore hydrodynamic conditions and beach muddying. Taking the middle and eastern sections on the west side of the north bank of Dadeng Bridge as the research area, this paper conducts research on multi-parameter collaborative optimization key technologies for beach restoration on muddy coasts. Dynamic geomorphology suitability evaluation is carried out by combining historical nautical charts and field measured data. The results reveal that the annual average significant wave height in this area is merely 0.1-0.3 m, so auxiliary nearshore dredging works are required to improve hydrodynamic conditions. Three restoration layout schemes are designed focusing on three core parameters, namely the layout of sand-retaining dikes, dredging bottom elevation and berm elevation. Joint numerical simulations using SWAN, NEMOS and XBeach models are implemented for 10-year long-term shoreline evolution and 50-year return period extreme storm conditions to quantitatively compare the alongshore sediment transport, shoreline erosion-siltation, and muddying inhibition effects of different schemes. The results indicate that Layout 3 achieves the optimal comprehensive performance: the berm elevation is optimized to 3.8-4.3 m, and the length of sand-retaining dikes is reduced by 18 m. After 10 years of restoration, the maximum shoreline erosion and siltation of the middle section reach 25 m and 5 m, respectively, while the maximum erosion and siltation of the eastern section are less than 20 m and 3 m. The annual total beach erosion-siltation volume is controlled within 9 000 m3, and the shoreline reaches dynamic equilibrium in the 5th year after restoration. Dredging to a unified bottom elevation of −4.2 m significantly increases the tidal prism and nearshore wave height of the sea area, lowering the elevation of the sand-mud boundary from the original 0.2 m to −0.8 m and effectively restraining the muddying trend. Under the 50-year return period extreme storm condition, the outer edge of the berm only retreats by approximately 1 m after 12 h of continuous wave action, and the sediment transported transversely during storms can naturally back-silt under normal wave conditions, demonstrating controllable overall shoreline stability. The research outcomes can provide quantitative technical basis and scheme references for similar muddy coastal beach restoration projects in China.

       

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