厦门翔安南部海域沙滩修复工程关键技术研究

    Study on the Key Technologies for Beach Restoration Project in the Southern Coastal Area of Xiang’an, Xiamen

    • 摘要: 针对厦门翔安南部海域受人为活动破坏水沙平衡,出现淤积、水动力偏弱、沙滩泥化等问题,本文选取大嶝大桥北岸西侧中段、东段为研究区域,开展淤泥质海岸沙滩修复多参数协同优化关键技术研究。结合历史海图与现场实测开展动力地貌适宜性评价,得到区域年均有效波高仅0.1~0.3 m,需配套近岸清淤工程改善水动力;围绕拦沙堤布置、清淤底高程、滩肩高程三大核心参数设置3种修复布局,联合SWAN、NEMOS、XBeach模型开展10年长周期岸滩演化与50年一遇极端风暴数值模拟,定量对比不同方案沿岸输沙、岸线冲淤及泥化抑制效果。结果表明:布局三综合最优,滩肩高程优化至3.8~4.3 m、拦沙堤长度缩短18 m,修复10年后中段最大蚀退25 m、淤进5 m,东段最大蚀退不超过20 m、淤进不超过3 m,年均滩面冲淤总量控制在9 000 m3以内,修复第5年岸滩进入动态平衡;清淤至统一底高程−4.2 m后海域纳潮量与近岸波高显著提升,砂泥分界线高程由现状0.2 m降至−0.8 m,泥化趋势得到有效遏制;50年一遇极端风暴工况下,沙滩持续作用12 h滩肩外缘仅后退约1 m,风暴横向输移泥沙可在常浪期自然回淤,岸滩整体稳定性可控。研究成果可为国内同类淤泥质海岸沙滩修复工程提供量化技术依据与方案参考。

       

      Abstract: Due to the influence of human activities, the original water-sediment balance in the southern coastal area of Xiang’an, Xiamen has been disrupted, triggering a series of problems such as coastal siltation, weakened nearshore hydrodynamic conditions and beach mudification. By selecting the areas of the middle and eastern segments on the west side of the northern bank of the Dadeng Bridge as the study area, the key technologies for multi-parameter collaborative optimization in the restoration of muddy coastal beaches are studied. The evaluation of dynamic geomorphological suitability carried out by combining historical nautical charts and field measured data reveals that the annual average significant wave height in the study area is merely 0.1-0.3 m, indicating that auxiliary nearshore dredging work is required for improving hydrodynamic conditions. By focusing on the following three core parameters, namely the layout of sand-retaining dikes, the elevation of dredging bottom and the elevation of beach berm, three schemes are designed for the layout of beach restoration. The numerical simulations of the 10-year long-term evolution of coastal beaches and the extreme storms occurring once every 50 years are carried out by using models of SWAN, NEMOS and Xbeach, and the alongshore sediment transport, the shoreline erosion-siltation and the mudification inhibition effects of different schemes are quantitatively compared. The results indicate that Layout 3 of the three layout schemes can achieve the optimal comprehensive performance. By this layout, the elevation of beach berm can be optimized to 3.8-4.3 m and the length of sand-retaining dikes can be reduced by 18 m. After 10 years of restoration, the maximum erosion and siltation of shoreline in the middle segment area will be 25 m and 5 m respectively, while those in the eastern segment area will be less than 20 m and 3 m respectively. The annual average total beach erosion-siltation volume will be controlled within 9 000 m³ and in the 5th year of restoration the shoreline can reach a dynamic equilibrium. After dredging to a unified bottom elevation of −4.2 m, the tidal prism and nearshore wave height in the sea area will be increased significantly and the elevation of the sand-mud boundary will be lowered from the current 0.2 m down to −0.8 m, thus restraining effectively the trend of mudification. Under the extreme storm conditions occurring once every 50 years, the outer edge of the beach berm will retreat only by approximately 1 m after continuous action of waves on beach for 12 h, and the sediment transported laterally by storms can naturally back-silt during the periods of normal waves, indicating that the overall beach stability is controllable. This study can provide a quantitative technical basis and practical reference for similar sandy coastal beach restoration projects in China.

       

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