基于多源卫星遥感的青岛典型海滩近四十年时空演变与影响因素分析

    Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Typical Beaches in Qingdao Over the Past 40 Years Based on the Data of Multi-Source Satellite Remote Sensing

    • 摘要: 受自然变化和人类活动的影响,海滩位置和形态不断变化。为了准确评估海滩的演变过程,进一步为沿岸工程设计和岸滩侵蚀防护策略的制定提供依据,本文使用1984—2021年大量卫星影像,采用亚像素技术以及自动和人工交互结合的方法识别海滩干湿线、水边线在研究剖面上的位置,进一步得出平均高、低潮线位置,分析了青岛3个典型海滩的时空演变。研究结果表明,人类活动(包括沿海工程建设)和海滩的地貌形态(岬角、海滩封闭程度)是影响海滩演变的主要因素,太平湾海滩在两侧堤坝的保护下长期处于基本稳定状态,1984—2014年高潮线演变速率为0~0.1;浮山湾海滩在2017年6月开展的补沙活动与本文得出的浮山湾平均高潮线在2017年后快速淤进刚好吻合,淤进速率高达0.6~1.8;另外,海平面上升也对青岛海滩的演变产生了一定影响,流清河海滩的平均高潮线近年来持续向陆移动,显示侵蚀的态势,侵蚀速率为0.6~1.1。

       

      Abstract: The location and morphology of beaches vary constantly due to the influences of natural changes and human activities. In order to accurately assess the evolution process of a beach and further provide a basis both for the design of coastal engineering and for the setting-up of beach erosion protection strategies, a large number of satellite images obtained from 1984 to 2021 are used and sub-pixel technology and methods combining automatic and manual interaction are applied to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of three typical beaches in Qingdao over the past 40 years, including the identification of the positions of wet/dry line and waterline of the beaches on the studied transect and the positions of mean high- and low-tide lines. The results indicate that human activities such as coastal engineering construction and the beach topography (including headlands, degree of beach closure) are the main factors affecting beach evolution. The Taiping Bay Beach has been in a basic stable state for a long time under the protection of embankments on both sides, where the evolution rate of high tide line was 0—0.1 from 1984 to 2014. For the Fushan Bay Beach, the sand replenishment activity carried out in June 2017 coincides perfectly with a rapidly lifting of the average high tide line in the Fushan Bay after 2017 obtained in this study, with an lifting rate being as high as 0.6—1.8. In addition, the sea level rising has also excerted a certain impact on the evolution of beaches in Qingdao. The Liuqinghe Beach shows that its average high tide line has been moving landward in recent years, indicating an erosion trend with an erosion rate of 0.6—1.1.

       

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