海洋生态修复碳汇开发机制、路径和建议

    Mechanism, Path and Suggestions of Carbon Sink Development for Marine Ecological Restoration

    • 摘要: 全球气候变化背景下,国家“双碳”目标与绿色低碳转型对海洋碳汇发展提出了明确需求。海洋生态修复是最具有可操作性的重要生态增汇途径。为指导海洋生态修复碳汇开发有的放矢开展,本文对中国近海主要海洋生态修复碳汇资源进行了分析,明确碳汇资源的分布特征;提出了基于海洋生态修复的海洋碳汇项目开发可以依据的开发机制,分析了基于核证碳标准(Verified Carbon Standard, VCS)机制、国家核证自愿减排(Chinese Certified Emission Reduction, CCER)机制、地方碳普惠机制和行业团体标准规范进行海洋碳汇开发的适用性。开展海洋生态修复碳汇开发可根据生态修复项目实际情况、碳汇应用场景等,综合评估确定开发机制。在此基础上,基于海洋碳汇方法学现状及增汇技术发展潜力,提出主要的海洋生态修复碳汇协同开发路径:近岸生态系统保护修复增汇、海洋贝藻类增殖放流增汇,基于生态修复的海洋碳汇开发可通过与生态系统保护修复实施单位深入合作、在项目用海生态修复补偿中设计兼顾增汇效益的方案等形式开展。提出了海洋生态修复碳汇协同发展建议,从切实发挥科技支撑作用、联合优势资源降低开发成本、深入挖掘应用场景、推动典型项目开发等方面积极开辟海洋生态修复碳汇协同开发之路。

       

      Abstract: In the context of global climate change, national dual-carbon strategies and green low-carbon transitions have created a clear need for the development of marine carbon sinks. The marine ecological restoration is the most feasible and important way to increase ecological sinks. In order to guide the carbon sink development for marine ecological restoration, the main carbon sink resources for marine ecological restoration in the offshore areas of China are analyzed, the distribution characteristics of carbon sink resources are clarified and the mechanisms on which marine carbon sink development projects for marine ecological restoration can be based are proposed. The applicability of four main mechanisms (including the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) mechanism, the China Carbon Emission Reduction (CCER) mechanism, the local carbon inclusive mechanism and the industry group standard specifications) to the development of ocean carbon sinks is analyzed. The mechanisms of carbon sink development for marine ecological restoration can be determined by comprehensive evaluations based on the actual situation of ecological restoration projects and carbon sink application scenarios. On this basis, the main collaborative development pathways of carbon sink for marine ecological restoration is proposed based on the current situation of marine carbon sink methodology and the development potential of marine sink increase technology. These pathways include increasing sinks by protection and restoration of coastal ecosystems and by marine shellfish and algae proliferation and release, etc. The development of marine carbon sinks through ecological restoration can be also achieved by close cooperation with the ecosystem protection and restoration implementation units, and by designing, in the project of ecological restoration compensation, schemes in which the benefits of enhancing sinks should be taken into account. Finally, suggestions for the coordinated development of carbon sink in marine ecological restoration are proposed, which include to open up actively a road of the coordinated development of carbon sinks for marine ecological restoration in the aspects such as giveing full play to the supporting role of science and technology, jointing superior resources to reduce development costs, exploring deeply the application scenarios and promoting the development of typical projects.

       

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